[citation needed], Between the 5th and 10th centuries, viticulture was sustained almost exclusively by the different religious orders in monasteries. Ripe grapes were used for the treatment of cancer, cholera, smallpox, nausea, skin and eye infections as well as kidney and liver diseases. For quality fruit production, it needs a support system, training, regular spraying and regular pruning to maximize fruit production. For thousands of years, the fruit has been harvested for both medicinal and nutritional value; its history is intimately entwined with the history of wine.[3]. Hesiod in his Works and Days gives detailed descriptions of grape harvests and wine making techniques, and there are also many references in Homer. Purple. Needs good air circulation. Where is this species invasive in the US. It has a diploid genome with haploid chromosome number of 19, and an estimated genome size of ~500 Mb. sylvestris" The following 38 files are in this category, out of 38 total. Ultimately from a pre-Indo-European word that also the ancestor of greek oinos (source of oenophile)]. It is a liana growing to 32 m (35 yd) in length, with flaky bark. The grape is eaten fresh, processed to make wine, vinegar or juice, or dried to produce raisins. Description. Performs well in gravelly loams. vinifera is the cultivated grapevine selected in ancient times … Common name(s) Grapes. This species is probably native to southwestern Asia (Caspian and Caucasus regions) and adjacent Europe. [citation needed]. [21], In the Mediterranean Basin, leaves and young stems are traditionally used to feed sheep and goats after grapevine pruning.[22]. In March 2007, scientists from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), working in the Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, reported that their "research suggests that extremely rare and independent mutations in two genes [VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 of red grapes] produced a single white grapevine that was the parent of almost all of the world's white grape varieties. Grape Seed Extract - Vitis vinifera quantity. Vitis ‘Boskoop Glory’ has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit (AGM). L. Vitaceae + Synonyms. The New York Flora Atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. Vitis vinifera (grape) is the most widely cultivated and economically important grape species used for both eating and wine. Greek colonists then introduced these practices in their colonies, especially in southern Italy (Magna Grecia), which was even known as Enotria due to its propitious climate. Grape leaves and vine shoots. Grapevine leaves are filled with minced meat (such as lamb, pork or beef), rice and onions in the making of Balkan traditional dolma. The main difference between red wine and white wine is that the red grape skins are included during fermentation of red wine thus giving it the dark red color.Genus name is the Latin name for the old world vineyard grape (Vitis vinifera).Specific epithet means wine-bearing. Bloom Color: Yellow. [5], The first written accounts of grapes and wine can be found in the Epic of Gilgamesh, an ancient Sumerian text from the 3rd millennium BC. [4][5][6], Grape pips dating back to the 5th–4th millennium BC were also found in Shulaveri; others dating back to the 4th millennium BC were also found in Khizanaant Gora, all in the country of Georgia. Vitis vinifera : Source: Vitaceae of North America Update, database (version 2011) Acquired: 2011 : Notes: Updated for ITIS by the Flora of North America Expertise Network, in connection with an update for USDA PLANTS (2007-2010) Reference for: Vitis vinifera : Publication(s): Author(s)/Editor(s): Publication Date: Article/Chapter Title: Taxonomy ID 29760. The Benedictines and others extended the grape growing limit northwards and also planted new vineyards at higher altitudes than was customary before. (previous page) 01 Petit verdot.jpg 1,509 × 1,000; 859 KB. 2014 11 06 006 Blaetter.jpg 2,896 × 2,160; 4.03 MB Native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Grapes of this species are grown for a variety of purposes, primarily for making wine, but also as fresh fruit from the vine or dried as currants, raisins or sultanas. Flower. [25], Species of flowering plant in the grape vine family Vitaceae. Genbank common name: wine grape NCBI BLAST name: eudicots Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Flowers give way to bunches of soft pulpy grapes (botanically berries) which ripen in summer. Latin name of the genus: Vitis Latin name of herbal substance: Vitis viniferae folium Botanical name of plant: Vitis vinifera L. English common name of herbal substance: Grapevine Leaf Status: F: Final positive opinion adopted Date added to the inventory: 31/10/2007 Date added to priority list: 31/10/2008 Outcome of European Assessment: Community herbal monograph