Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, first published serially 1851–52, is credited with raising opposition in the North to slavery. In the 1960s Alice Walker began writing novels, poetry, and short stories that reflected her involvement in the civil rights movement. Eugene O’Neill was the foremost American playwright of the period. Five of her notable poems are. In fact. It then appeared on the short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” published in 1865, which catapulted him to national fame. The devastation of World War I and the Great Depression also caused widespread suffering in Europe and the United States. His Long Day’s Journey into Night (written 1939–41, performed 1956) was the high point of more than 20 years of creativity that began in 1920 with Beyond the Horizon and concluded with The Iceman Cometh (written 1939, performed 1946). Good places to start for anyone who wants to capture the flavor of American Modernist Literature. This time period saw a rise in confessional poetry and sexuality in literature, which resulted in legal challenges and debates over censorship in America. 1. Roman culture continued to thrive during the Early Empire (ca. The human cost of the Civil War in the United States was immense: more than 2.3 million soldiers fought in the war, and perhaps as many as 851,000 people died in 1861–65. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools. But the native oral literature, whether secular or mythico-religious continued. Many of these writers were influenced by World War I and the disillusionment that followed, especially the expatriates of the Lost Generation. Nathaniel Ward and John Winthrop wrote books on religion, a topic of central concern in colonial America. Most of the literary works of this genre are composed of letters, journals, biographies and memoirs. Henry Augustin Beers was a literature historian and professor at Yale who lived at the turn of the 19th century. American poetry and fiction were largely modeled on what was being published overseas in Great Britain, and much of what American readers consumed also came from Great Britain. During the American colonial period, English was introduced to mainstream schools throughout the country. It included “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle,” two of the earliest American short stories. This conflict with the Soviet Union shaped global politics for more than four decades, and the proxy wars and threat of nuclear annihilation that came to define it were just some of the influences shaping American literature during the second half of the 20th century. By the 1970s the face of American drama had begun to change, and it continued to diversify into the 21st century. Though still derived from British literary tradition, the short stories and novels published from 1800 through the 1820s began to depict American society and explore the American landscape in an unprecedented manner. This era in American literature is responsible for notable first works, such as the first American comedy written for the stage—"The Contrast" by Royall Tyler, written in 1787—and the first American Novel—"The Power of Sympathy" by William Hill, written in 1789. The Modern Period applies to British literature written since the beginning of World War I in 1914. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Little holds them together beyond their chronological proximity and engagement with contemporary American society. Romanticism is a way of thinking that values the individual over the group, the subjective over the objective, and a person’s emotional experience over reason. Among the important poets of this period are, In the early decades of the contemporary period, American drama was dominated by three men: Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, and Edward Albee. John Dos Passos, Hart Crane, and Sherwood Anderson are other prominent writers of the period. Novelists and other prose writers of the time include Willa Cather, John Dos Passos, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein, Sinclair Lewis, Thomas Wolfe, and Sherwood Anderson. Yet her poems express a Romantic vision as clearly as Walt Whitman’s or Edgar Allan Poe’s. Edgar Allan Poe most vividly depicted, and inhabited, the role of the Romantic individual—a genius, often tormented and always struggling against convention—during the 1830s and up to his mysterious death in 1849. The first account of an enslaved African person, "A Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings, and Surprizing Deliverance of Briton Hammon, a Negro Man," was published during this period, in 1760 Boston. A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. The modern period traditionally applies to works written after the start of World War I. However, this hasn't stopped literary scholars from making an attempt. Recently , authors like Sherman Alexie have revived the tradition, with insightful stories about life on reservations. The Transcendentalists developed an elaborate philosophy that saw in all of creation a unified whole. fOn June 12, 1898, Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally English, were the mediums used in literature during these times. He also wrote the first African American play to be published, The Escape (1858). Adam Burgess, Ph.D. is a university professor, literary reviewer, and expert in American and classical literature and criticism. The 1950s and ’60s brought significant cultural shifts within the United States driven by the civil rights movement and the women’s movement. That era is now long past and we now have a favorable turn on events and a great number of responsible writers deepen the literary forms and content. Walt Whitman claimed that “a great literature will…arise out of the era of those four years,” and what emerged in the following decades was a literature that presented a detailed and unembellished vision of the world as it truly was. Anne Bradstreet’s The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America (1650) may be the earliest collection of poetry written in and about America, although it was published in England. adaptations of works during the Spanish period and which further maintained the Spanish tradition. After World War II, American literature has become broad and varied in terms of theme, mode, and purpose. The first European settlers of North America wrote about their experiences starting in the 1600s. The demand for independence was supported by a campaign to make the Americans aware of the Filipino culture. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. 3. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Oliver Wendell Holmes were the most prominent of the upper-class Brahmins, who filtered their depiction of America through European models and sensibilities. Its present inhabitants might speak Spanish and form one nation with Mexico, or speak French and be joined … In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Daughters during this period raised all the great questions of life but offered no answers.